多孔石墨烯/碳纳米管@V2O5柔性电极材料制备及性能研究

以氧化石墨、碳纳米管、三异丙氧基氧化钒为原料,采用化学刻蚀法、水热法、真空抽滤法制备一种具有三维离子扩散通道和整体导电网络结构的致密多孔石墨烯/碳纳米管@五氧化二钒(PGNs/CNT@V2O5)复合薄膜材料。电化学性能测试结果表明,在1 mol/L LiNO3水系条件中,电流密度为1 A/g时,比容量高达187 F/g,在100 mV/s扫描速度下,循环5000次后,容量保持率仍为83.4%。     

珍贵橙色束丝放线菌发酵产安丝菌素P-3的分离纯化工艺优化

安丝菌素是从珍贵橙色束丝放线菌的发酵液中分离出来的苯安莎类抗生素，具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。常采用乙酸乙酯对发酵液进行分离萃取，然而其发酵液成分复杂，除菌丝体外还含有许多杂蛋白质及易溶于有机溶剂的色素，这对后续提取和精制有很大的影响，影响产品质量和回收率。本文通过对AP-3发酵液进行预处理，将AP-3发酵液调整pH至3后，用10g/L硅藻土辅助抽滤；收集滤液，添加20g/L活性炭于60℃吸附2h，然后用洗脱液乙酸乙酯对活性炭进行脱附处理，2h后达到动态洗脱平衡，对洗脱液采用中性氧化铝柱层析，以乙酸乙酯和石油醚作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱，最终获得AP-3纯度86.15%，经重结晶后得到AP-3纯品，经过HPLC检测AP-3纯度达95%。     

Second order velocity slip and thermal jump of Cu–water nanofluid over a cone in the presence of nonlinear radiation and nonuniform heat source/sink using homotopy analysis method

The purpose of the present paper is to explore the second order slip effects on nanofluid flow over a vertical cone. The effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and nonuniform heat source/sink are also taken into account. Water with copper nanoparticles is used as nanofluid in this investigation. The governing partial differential equations for the flow are converted into ordinary differential equations by using transformations and then are solved using homotopy analysis method. The influence of various important parameters on velocity, temperature, skin‐friction, and Nusselt number are presented through graphs. Results indicate that the velocity and magnitude of skin friction decrease with a rise in first and second order velocity slips. A raise in either first or second order temperature jump causes a fall in temperature. Nonlinear radiation increases the more rapidly when compared to the linear radiation case.     

钒及热处理工艺对贝氏体钢中奥氏体碳富集的影响

研究了V以及BAT工艺、BQ&P工艺、DBAT工艺对中高碳(~0.6wt% C)纳米贝氏体钢等温转变过程中奥氏体碳富集的影响。为了分析不同热处理工艺时的组织转变,采用DIL805L型膨胀仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)测量并计算残留奥氏体含量及其中碳含量,利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了等温转变过程中试验钢显微组织形貌,并统计M/A岛含量及尺寸。结果表明:V对贝氏体转变有抑制作用,使残留奥氏体中碳富集速率变慢;3种热处理工艺下碳富集速率不同,BQ&P工艺和DBAT工艺的碳富集速率均大于BAT工艺,可利用BQ&P、DBAT工艺弥补合金元素V推迟相变的影响。     

温轧温度对中碳Cr-Mo钢组织性能的影响

通过SEM、EBSD和拉伸试验研究了温轧温度对中碳Cr-Mo钢组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明:较高温轧温度有利于Cr-Mo钢组织的均匀分布,当轧制温度从500 ℃增加到600 ℃时,铁素体晶粒尺寸由0.424 μm增加到0.490 μm,晶粒尺寸差别不断减小,屈服强度由1380 MPa下降至1062 MPa,在550 ℃轧制试验钢的塑性最好,强塑积最高,为5816 MPa·%。     

煤化工烟道气毒性成分对Chlorella pyrenoidosa生长和细胞成分的影响

探究煤化工烟道气中毒性成分对微藻的影响是利用微藻固定煤化工烟道气CO₂实现减排的关键。本文利用不同浓度的NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O培养Chlorella pyrenoidosa（C. pyrenoidosa），以探究煤化工烟道气主要毒性成分H₂S、SO₂和NH₃气体水溶物的毒性。实验结果表明：NaHS、Na₂SO₃和NH₃·H₂O浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、40mmol/(L·d)和7mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa生长无抑制作用，而且Na₂SO₃[＜40mmol/(L·d)]会显著促进 C. pyrenoidosa的生长；NaHS 添加4mmol/(L·d)时会在生长初期抑制C. pyrenoidosa的生长，NH₃·H₂O添加35mmol/(L·d)则会直接造成藻细胞的破碎死亡。与对照组相比，NaHS和Na₂SO₃浓度分别低于1mmol/(L·d)、10mmol/(L·d)时对C. pyrenoidosa的细胞成分无影响；NaHS添加4mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白含量提高7.13%；Na₂SO₃添加40mmol/(L·d)使藻蛋白降低13.45%，总糖含量提高42.90%；NH₃·H₂O的添加会使藻蛋白含量降低，总糖含量提高。微藻生物质整体蛋白质含量较高，可作为蛋白饲料来源。研究结果表明，C. pyrenoidosa对煤化工烟道气中的主要毒性气体有较好的耐受性，利用煤化工烟道气培养微藻具有可行性。     

碳基采暖电热材料研究进展

近几年,由于节能与环保的需求,电取暖的方式得到大力的推广,电热材料的研究与应用受到人们广泛的重视。非金属碳基电热材料是新型的节能型电热采暖材料,本文重点对影响非金属碳基电热材料中的炭黑基电热材料、碳纤维基电热材料、碳晶电热材料电热性能的因素及相关应用进行了综述。     

Scalable Production of Wearable Solid-State Li-Ion Capacitors from N-Doped Hierarchical Carbon

Smart and wearable electronics have aroused substantial demand for flexible portable power sources, but it remains a large challenge to realize scalable production of wearable batteries/supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance and remarkable flexibility simultaneously. Here, a scalable approach is developed to prepare wearable solid-state lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) with superior performance enabled by synergetic engineering from materials to device architecture. Nitrogen-doped hierarchical carbon (HC) composed of 1D carbon nanofibers welded with 2D carbon nanosheets is synthesized via a unique self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance. Subsequently, inspired by origami, here, wave-shaped LIC punch-cells based on the above materials are designed by employing a compatible and scalable post-imprint technology. Finite elemental analysis (FEA) confirms that the bending stress of the punch-cell can be offset effectively, benefiting from the wave architecture. The wearable solid-state LIC punch-cell exhibits large energy density, long cyclic stability, and superior flexibility. This study demonstrates great promise for scalable fabrication of wearable energy-storage systems.     

Nonlinear dynamics of potassium iodide adsorption on the interface of carbon steel in acidic medium

The development of inhibitors for hydrochloric acidic media is very common. Potassium iodide, in combination with some organic inhibitors, may transform a mediocre inhibitor into an excellent corrosion inhibitor based on a synergetic effect. There is a need to study what happens at the interface in the presence of this compound. The dynamics of the metal electrolyte interface when KI concentration increases has been characterized. The present study has been carried out based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise analysis in the light of nonlinear phenomena by applying recurrence plots and fractal geometry. The fractal dimension of the current–time series shows a direct relationship with the fractal dimension of the surface of steel. The phenomenon of self-organization has been observed on the metal surface. The nonlinear analysis carried out by means of recurrence plots showed that the iodide ions' inhibitory effect is not only simple adsorption but also a nonlinear phenomenon that auto-organizes. The degree of complexity increases, consequently causing an interaction between the microcells and resulting in a lower charge-transfer rate.     

低浓度挥发性有机物吸附浓缩材料的研究进展

由于挥发性有机物（VOCs）会对环境造成严重的危害，因此VOCs的处理一直备受人们的关注，但发展高效的VOCs处理技术仍然存在严峻的挑战。本文针对大风量、低浓度VOCs的处理展开了综述，重点围绕吸附、催化燃烧处理展开讨论。对于大风量的低浓度VOCs，虽然浓度较低但VOCs排放量非常巨大。通过VOCs浓缩技术，提高浓度减少风量成为降低VOCs处理成本的有效途径。其中，发展高性能VOCs吸附材料是VOCs浓缩技术的关键。阐明了活性炭、分子筛等重要吸附材料的性质及其吸附VOCs的原理，并对吸附材料性质和VOCs种类对吸附效果的影响进行了探讨。展望了活性炭浓缩-催化燃烧技术和分子筛转轮浓缩-催化燃烧技术在大风量的低浓度VOCs处理中的应用前景。